Simultaneous treatment of SO2 containing stack gases and waste water

A process for simultaneously removing sulfur dioxide from stack gases and the like and purifying waste water such as derived from domestic sewage is described. A portion of the gas stream and a portion of the waste water, the latter containing dissolved iron and having an acidic pH, are contacted in a closed loop gas-liquid scrubbing zone to effect absorption of the sulfur dioxide into the waste water. A second portion of the gas stream and a second portion of the waste water are controlled in an open loop gas-liquid scrubbing zone. The second portion of the waste water contains a lesser amount of iron than the first portion of the waste water. Contacting in the openloop scrubbing zone is sufficient to acidify the waste water which is then treated to remove solids originally present

PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI PLASMA CORONA DISCHARGE UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR WARNA, COD DAN TSS PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI MINUMAN RINGAN

The soft drink production process resulting waste water contains high color, COD and TSS quality. General treatment for soft drink waste water usually using conventional method but this method became inefficient since highly cost on operational. Recent alternative method for waste water treatment is using plasma technology to decreasing the high quality of color, COD and TSS. Plasma formed in a reactor that comprises two electrodes which one connected with high voltage. The reactor resulting active species with high oxidation potential i.e. •OH, •O, •H, O3 and H2O2, and it have important role to removing organic compounds. This study is to discover the affectivity of plasma technology to degrade the quality of color, COD an TSS in soft drink waste water. Soft drink waste water treated in a rector with high voltage (16, 17, 18 kV) and circulation variation (1-6 times). The voltage and circulation variation influences the degradation of color, COD and TSS in waste water. The degradation of color, COD an TSS increases with higher voltage and more amount of circulation. The highest degradation of color, COD and TSS was attained in 18 kV with 6 circulations. The degradation percentages are 99,91 %, 98,72 % dan 98,66 whereas waste water pH before treatment reached 8 and in the end of treatment positioned around 7. The energy requirement to obtain this efficiency is 0, 0968 kWh with electrical cost is Rp. 1.473/m3. Key Word: corona discharge plasma, oxidation, active species, voltage, circulation

Waste Not, Want Not: The Potential for Urban Water Conservation in California

The largest, least expensive, and most environmentally sound source of water to meet California's future needs is the water currently being wasted in every sector of our economy. This report, "Waste Not, Want Not," strongly indicates that California's urban water needs can be met into the foreseeable future by reducing water waste through cost-effective water-saving technologies, revised economic policies, appropriate state and local regulations, and public education

Combined air and water pollution control system

A bioaquatic air pollution control system for controlling both water and atmospheric pollution is disclosed. The pollution control system includes an exhaust for directing polluted gases out of a furnace and a fluid circulating system which circulates fluid, such as waste water, from a source, past the furnace where the fluid flow entrains the pollutants from the furnace. The combined fluid and pollutants are then directed through a rock/plant/microbial filtering system. A suction pump pumps the treated waste water from the filter system past the exhaust to again entrain more pollutants from the furnace where they are combined with the fluid (waste water) and directed to the filter system

Variable-Volume Flushing (V-VF) device for water conservation in toilets

Thirty five percent of residential indoor water used is flushed down the toilet. Five out of six flushes are for liquid waste only, which requires only a fraction of the water needed for solid waste. Designers of current low-flush toilets (3.5-gal. flush) and ultra-low-flush toilets (1.5-gal. flush) did not consider the vastly reduced amount of water needed to flush liquid waste versus solid waste. Consequently, these toilets are less practical than desired and can be improved upon for water conservation. This paper describes a variable-volume flushing (V-VF) device that is more reliable than the currently used flushing devices (it will not leak), is simple, more economical, and more water conserving (allowing one to choose the amount of water to use for flushing solid and liquid waste)

Design of a unit to produce hot distilled water for the same power consumption as a water heater

Unit recovers 97% of water contained in pretreated waste water. Some factors are: cleansing agent prevents fouling of heat transfer surface by highly concentrated waste; absence of dynamic seals reduces required purge gas flow rate; and recycle loop maintains constant flushing process to carry cleansing agent across evaporation surface

Ultrastructure and Nutrient Content of Waste Sago and The Potential as Compost Block for Plant Growth Media

One alternative industrial waste that has not been widely used by the public is sago waste . Sago solid waste into compost that has brown to black coor . The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of fresh sago waste , compost and compost dry sago sago black by using SEM ; assess the nutrient content . The results showed that sago waste wet, half-dry and dry sago has a pore size and larger than the black sago waste so they have the potential as a store of water and causing aeration. Measurement of nutrient content of compost sago either fresh , dried and black for the content of N, P and K are relatively high, successive N (1.32 to 1.67 %) , P (0.15 to 0.47 %) and K (1 , 39 to 2.42 %). Based compost structure and water-holding power is relatively high, the composting of waste sago potential for growing media such as plant nurserie

METHOD OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT AT ANIMAL CUTTING HOUSE GIWANGAN, YOGYAKARTA

Meat is a staple ingredient that supplies the needs of proteins needed by humans. The needs of meat in Indonesia continues to grow in line with population growth. Establishment Animal Cutting House (ACH) is one of the government's efforts to meet the needs of meat in Indonesia. Animal slaughter and cleaning activities conducted at ACH will produce remains solid and liquid wastes which, if not carried out the processing of such waste, especially waste water would pollute the waters as a liquid waste disposal sites ACH. The liquid waste results from ACH activity contain a number of organic materials might be harmful to aquatic biota can even cause death. The location of the data to compile this report is ACH Giwangan, Yogyakarta. The main data sources obtained from the field and other supporting data comes from books and internet media. In preparing this report, data analysis conducted on the volume, content, and methods of processing efficiency of wastewater treatment at ACH Giwangan for later comparison with the quality standards of existing waste water. The results of the analysis conducted, the data obtained for the volume of waste water per head of animals slaughtered amounted to 1.503 m3. Wastewater generated from activities at ACH Giwangan contains five important parameters, namely BOD, COD, TSS, pH and ammonia. The efficiency of wastewater treatment performed by WWTP unit produces levels decreased by 90.65% for BOD, 89.36% for COD, 86.54% to 33.09% for TSS and ammonia. Methods of wastewater treatment at ACH Giwangan done in two stages, namely processing physically and biologically. Physical processing is done by stage filtration and separation of fat, while the biological processing done by WWTP units using aerobic methods. In general, the levels of waste water parameters ACH Giwangan still within normal limits, except ammonia levels exceed the quality standards for wastewater ACH activity either by MOE (2006) as well as DIY Governor Regulation (2010). Key words: Waste, Waste water treatment, ACH

Water use options for regional development : potentials of new water technologies in Central Northern Namibia

The CuveWaters project relates the alignment and implementation of innovative water technologies to an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the Cuvelai-Etosha-Basin, which lies in Central Northern Namibia. The aim here is to improve inhabitants’ living conditions by means of appropriate technical schemes and measures – particularly with a view to enhancing water supply and basic sanitation (incl. waste water disposal). A focal part of Cuve-Waters concerns the re-use of water, efficient use of water and utilisation of different water qualities for different purposes (multi-resource mix). With respect to urban conditions and the problems of adequate supply and sanitation, the prospect of a semi-decentralised infrastructure system is under investigation, a concept which includes rainwater utilisation as well as waste water collection and treatment. One major option for such systems, in which waste water is considered a valuable resource, is a washing house combining effective waste water collection (vacuum sewer) with high-tech separation techniques (generation of energy, nutrients and waste water processing). Cleaned waste water – free of bacteria, viruses or pathogens – and fertiliser from an anaerobic waste water treatment plant can be re-used for irrigation in small scale agriculture to enhance food security and/or generate alternative income through the marketing of fresh produce. Energy, in the form of biogas, can be used for cooking or lighting. On the rural sites of the study area, adequate water supply poses a major challenge, for which three technology options are investigated here: rainwater harvesting, solar-coupled desalination of brackish groundwater, and managed aquifer recharge. Suitable technology options are selected for different sites in a participatory process (cf. CuveWaters Project 2008a, CuveWaters Project 2008b). Thus, general aims of the project in terms of providing regional economic impetus and improving livelihoods are: - to link integrated water resources management to land issues, develop the technology needed to build capacity, and achieve better governance; - to bring together supply- and demand-driven approaches in developing the infrastructure; - to consider water as related to other resources (land, energy, nutrients) and other fields of sustainability such as poverty reduction, equality and regional development. From these project objectives arise the key questions driving the surveys documented in this paper: what impetus for regional development can be expected from the implementation of technological options selected for the CuveWaters project? What constraints and obstacles need to be considered here, particularly in terms of incorporating the technologies into strategies of IWRM? What conclusions can be drawn when it comes to the supervision of implementation (training, capacity building, governance)? After an introduction the economic and social situation in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin along with the conditions for urban agriculture is outlined. This is followed by the discussion of the potentials for water-related activities in the region, taking into account additional water uses and the operation and development of infrastructures, whilst investigating the potentials of urban agriculture for Central Northern Namibia. Finally, these potentials are summarized and conclusions pertaining to flanking measures for technical implementation are drawn

Safe and Legal Fish Waste Composting in Alaska

This bulletin encourages soil production using fish waste, and teaches the safety and legal aspects of composting fish waste to comply with Alaska laws. If fish waste composting is done correctly, the benefits are great—improved soil, a free source of fertilizer for many years, and water quality improvement because less waste gets dumped into waterways.Ye